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1. Basic Structure of a Tooth

A human tooth is divided into three main parts: the crown, the neck, and the root. The crown is the part that is visible in the mouth, and is covered by enamel, the hardest protective layer in the body. Beneath the enamel is dentin, a hard tissue that is less hard than enamel. The innermost part of the tooth is the pulp, which contains the nerves and blood vessels that nourish the tooth.

2. Why Do Tooth Decays Often Start in Pits and Fissures?

The pits and grooves on the chewing surfaces of the back teeth are ideal places for bacteria and plaque to accumulate. Because of their shape and depth, it is difficult to completely clean these pits and grooves with a regular toothbrush. Bacteria in plaque produce acids, which erode tooth enamel and lead to tooth decay.

3. Why Seal Pits and Grouts?

Sealants are an effective wayto prevent tooth decay. By filling the pits and fissures with a sealant, bacteria and plaque have no place to accumulate, reducing the risk of tooth decay. Sealants are usually made from composite resin or glass ionomer cement.

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4. Pit and Groove Sealing Technique

Pit and fissure sealants are an effective method of preventing tooth decay, especially in children. The procedure involves the following steps:

  1. Cleaning the teeth: Before applying the sealant, the teeth need to be thoroughly cleaned to remove plaque and bacteria. This is usually done using a special toothbrush and toothpaste or an ultrasonic cleaner.
  2. Tooth surface preparation: The tooth surface is lightly roughened with phosphoric acid to create adhesion for the sealant. This process is called “etching” and usually takes about 15-20 seconds. The tooth is then rinsed and thoroughly dried.
  3. Isolating the tooth: To ensure that no saliva or moisture comes into contact with the tooth surface during sealant application, the tooth needs to be isolated. This can be done using a rubber dam or other isolating devices such as cotton balls or a mouth isolation device.
  4. Applying a sealant: The sealant, usually a composite resin or glass ionomer cement, is applied to the tooth surface and fills the pits and grooves. The sealant creates a thin protective layer, preventing bacteria and plaque from accumulating in these pits and grooves.
  5. Sealant curing: Sealant is cured by light-curing. The curing time usually lasts from 20-30 seconds, depending on the type of sealant used.
  6. Check and adjust: Once the sealant has hardened, your dentist will check the tooth surface to ensure that the sealant has been applied evenly and that there are no gaps. If necessary, the sealant can be adjusted or added.

Dental sealants are a simple, painless procedure that is very effective in preventing tooth decay in children. However, to ensure long-term results, it is important to follow post-sealant care instructions and have regular check-ups with your dentist.

5. Is Sealant Easy to Peel Off?

Sealants can flake or wear off over time, especially if not properly cared for. However, studies show that sealants can last for many years if applied correctly and cared for properly.

6. When Should Sealant Be Applied?

Sealants are typically recommended for children when their permanent molars first come in, around ages 6 to 14. However, adults may also benefit from sealants if they are at high risk for tooth decay.

7. How to Take Care of Your Teeth After Sealant?

After having a sealant applied, oral care is still very important. So:

  • Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
  • Use dental floss daily to clean between teeth.
  • Have your teeth checked regularly by your dentist to ensure the sealant remains intact and effective.

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